Radiologic abnormalities and autonomic neuropathology in the digestive tract of the ketonuric diabetic Chinese hamster

Summary Barium x-ray patterns of ketonuric diabetic Chinese hamsters displayed marked dilatation of the stomach, small and large intestine. Hypomotility was manifested by flocculation of barium in the small and large bowel. Impaired transit time was further characterized by prolonged emptying of the stomach (mean 570 min diabetics; 200 min controls) and delayed stool formation (mean 230 min diabetics; and 100 min controls) and passage (mean 457 min diabetics; 210 min controls). Ultrastructural analysis of Auerbach's myenteric plexuses of the small intestine indicated acute degeneration in certain distal, unmyelinated axons. Swelling, deposition of glycogen, aggregation of neurofilaments and dense accumulation of lamellar bodies were observed. The severity and frequency of barium flocculation, glycogen deposition, aggregation of neurofilaments and lamellar inclusion bodies in axons were directly related to duration of ketonuria. The data strongly suggest that autonomic neuropathology in the plexuses of Auerbach may be a critical factor underlying gastrointestinal dysfunction in the ketonuric diabetic Chinese hamster.     

探索学习环境对脑梗死大鼠学习记忆能力及缺血侧海马区微血管密度的影响

目的研究探索学习环境对局灶性脑梗死大鼠学习记忆能力及缺血侧海马区微血管密度的影响。方法 80只Sprague-Dawley大鼠开颅电凝右侧大脑中动脉,随机分为标准环境组(SE组,n=40)和探索学习环境组(LE组,n=40)。分别于术后7d、28 d进行Morris水迷宫测试;术后1 d、3 d、7 d、14 d、28 d,CD34免疫组织化学法测定海马区微血管密度。结果 LE组Morris水迷宫测试成绩显著优于SE组(P0.001)。术后7 d起,LE组缺血侧海马区微血管密度高于SE组(P0.05)。结论探索学习环境可促进脑梗死大鼠微血管新生,有利于学习记忆功能恢复。     

即时高压氧对大鼠局灶性脑缺血后梗死体积的影响

目的探讨即时高压氧对大鼠局灶性脑缺血后梗死体积的影响。方法 Sprague-Dawly大鼠随机分成对照组(n=9)、高压空气组(n=9)、高压氧组(n=9)、假手术组(n=5),前三组应用线栓法制作大鼠局灶性脑缺血模型,高压空气组、高压氧组在高压氧舱内造模,高压氧组于造模后立即行高压氧治疗。各组大鼠均于术后6 h断头取脑,计算各组大鼠脑梗死占脑总体积百分比。结果与对照组相比,高压氧组及高压空气组梗死百分比均显著减少(P0.001),高压氧组减少得更显著(P0.001)。结论即时高压氧治疗能够降低大鼠脑局灶性缺血后梗死体积。     

热预处理对超负荷训练大鼠心肌蛋白激酶C表达的影响

目的观察热预处理(HP)对超负荷训练大鼠心肌蛋白激酶C(PKC)δ、PKCε表达的影响。方法 3月龄雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠25只分为对照组(n=5)、训练组(n=10)和HP组(n=10)。超负荷训练8周后应用免疫组化法、Real-time PCR和Western blotting检测心肌组织PKCδ、PKCε表达。结果三种检测方法均显示,训练组大鼠心肌PKCδ表达较对照组和HP组增高(P0.05)。Real-time PCR与免疫组化检测结果显示,训练组PKCε表达低于对照组和HP组(P0.05);Western blotting结果显示三组PKCε表达无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论在热预处理心肌保护效应中,PKC可能发挥了重要的作用。     

Losartan reduces myocardial interstitial fibrosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy rats by inhibiting JAK/STAT signaling pathway

Purpose: This study was designed to investigate the effect of losartan on the myocardial interstitial fibrosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) rats. Methods: In this study, a total of 48 male Wister rats (3 groups of 16 animals each) were examined, including the control group, DCM group and losartan-treated (DCM + L) group. Control group was fed with standard diet (14 KJ/g); DCM group and losartan-treated (DCM + L) group were both fed with high glucose and fat diet (20 KJ/g). Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) intraperitoneal injuction (IP, 30 mg/kg body weight). Rats of DCM + L group were treated with losartan (30 mg/kg body weight) daily by oral gavage for 16 weeks. Biochemical, hemodynamic, histological and western blotting analyses were performed. Results: Compared with DCM rats, the quantity of p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 in myocardium of rats treated with losartan was lower, the expression of TGF-β1 was down-regulate, the content of collagen in myocardium decreased, LVSP and ± dp/dt increased, LVEDP decreased, the level of myocardial fibrosis reduced, and heart function improved evidently. Conclusion: Losartan has a protective effect on heart function against myocardial interstitial fibrosis of DCM by inhibiting JAK/STAT signaling pathway and lowering the expression of TGF-β1.     

TGF-β/TIMP-1/MMP-1信号通路在有氧运动改善心衰大鼠心脏重塑中的作用

摘要 目的：观察10周有氧运动对慢性心力衰竭大鼠心脏重塑的影响并探讨转化生长因子-β/金属蛋白酶组织抑制物-1/基质金属蛋白酶-1（transforming growth factor-β/tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1/matrix metalloproteinase,TGF-β/TIMP-1/MMP-1）信号通路在心衰运动康复中的作用。 方法：38只Wistar大鼠随机分为假手术对照组（S组）、心衰对照组（H组）和心衰运动组（HE组）。HE组大鼠进行10周跑台运动,S组和H组保持安静状态。利用心脏超声检测心脏结构与功能;利用Masson染色法检测心肌胶原容积分数（CVF）;实时荧光定量PCR 检测Ⅰ型胶原（Col-Ⅰ）、Ⅲ型胶原（Col-Ⅲ）和心钠素（ANF）mRNA表达,Western blot检测TGF-β、TIMP-1和MMP-1蛋白表达水平。 结果：①与S组比较,H组左室重量（LVW）、左室质量指数（LVMI）、左室舒张期前壁厚度（LVAWDd）、左室收缩期前壁厚度（LVAWDs）、左室舒张期后壁厚度（LVPWDd）、左室收缩期后壁厚度（LVPWDs）,胶原容积分数（CVF）,Col-Ⅰ、Col-Ⅲ和心钠素（ANF） mRNA,TGF-β,MMP-1和TIMP-1蛋白表达升高（P<0.05）,BW、LVIDd、FS、LVEF,MMP-1/TIMP-1比值降低（P<0.05）。②与H组比较,HE组CVF,Col-Ⅰ、Col-Ⅲ和ANF mRNA,TGF-β、MMP-1和TIMP-1蛋白表达降低（P<0.05）,LVW、LVMI、LVIDd,FS、LVEF,MMP-1/TIMP-1比值升高（P<0.05）。 结论：长期运动改善心衰大鼠心脏重塑,其机制与部分恢复TGF-β/TIMP-1/MMP-1信号功能,减少胶原沉积并减轻心肌纤维化有关。     

渐进性咬合紊乱致大鼠咬肌超微结构损伤及能量代谢变化的研究

目的：通过观察经历不同时长实验性渐进性咬合紊乱后大鼠咬肌的超微结构及肌酸激酶（CK）和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）含量变化的不同,以探讨渐进性咬合紊乱对大鼠咬肌的影响程度与时间之间的关系。方法：取8周龄SPF级雄性SD大鼠随机等分为2、4、6、8周4组,每个实验组各有一个空白对照组,每组8只,空白对照组不给予任何处理,实验组通过二次分牙操作,建立渐进性咬合紊乱模型,并分别于放入最后一个皮圈后2、4、6、8周处死,HE染色和透射电镜观察大鼠咬肌超微结构,同时采用酶联免疫法（ELISA）检测各大鼠咬肌中乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）及肌酸激酶（CK）的含量,以探讨咬合紊乱对咬肌能量代谢活动的影响,进一步增加对渐进性咬合紊乱与口颌系统活动关系的认识。结果：2、4、6、8周的渐进性咬合紊乱后,大鼠咬肌线粒体均出现损伤,且随时间的延长,损伤加重,CK及LDH的活性也逐渐增加（P＜0．05）。结论：渐进性咬合紊乱对大鼠咬肌损伤与作用时间成正相关。     

超声清创刀联合负压创面系统治疗糖尿病足溃疡的疗效观察

目的探讨糖尿病足溃疡患者使用超声清创刀联合负压创面治疗系统的临床疗效。方法 47例糖尿病足溃疡Ⅱ~Ⅲ级(Wagner分级)患者分为2组,实验组26例行超声清创刀联合负压创面系统治疗,对照组21例仅常规清创联合负压创面治疗。比较2组患者的创面愈合程度、治愈率、显效率和不良反应。结果与对照组比较,实验组随访第1周的显效率有显著差异(P0.05);第2、4、6、12周的治疗愈合率均有显著差异(P0.05)。2组患者均未出现全身不良反应。结论超声清创刀联合负压创面系统联合治疗糖尿病足溃疡加快创面愈合,可能对于改善糖尿病足溃疡的治疗有重要作用。